General Comments
1871 saw a continuation of the era of ultra-high mintages. This is one of only two issues in the
series with a mintage over 1 million coins, the other being 1872. 1871 coins are as readily
available as the mintage would indicate. All price guides price the 1871 as a common date. This
is consistent with our observations of ready availability in all grades. Even low grades, which
are scarce or rare for virtually all other dates, are available with patient searching. An
interesting note – a large group of circulated seated dollars was released in 2020 and 2021, with
many examples dispersed through the major auction houses. The population of circulated 1871
examples increased greatly during that time frame, making them even more available than in prior
years. Over 2600 coins graded by the two major services, by far the most for any year except
1860-O, confirm that this is one of the most common dates in the series.
High-grade examples of 1871, AU58 through MS63, are readily available. Mint state examples are
frequently seen at coin shows and in auctions, making this year a good target for collectors
seeking a nice example of the “with motto” type.
The population reports of both major grading services show a little less than 15% of the graded
coins in mint state (this marks a decrease of about 5% from the first edition of our book, due
primarily to the coins released during the 2020-2021 time-frame. The finest known examples are
two MS66 coins, one graded by PCGS and one by NGC. Thirteen coins have received a MS65 grade, 8
at PCGS and 5 at NGC. One of the PCGS coins was evaluated as MS65+. These figures put this date
at a consistent level with many others when the collector evaluates the availability in gem mint
state. It’s at the lower mint state level that the availability changes. Over 350 coins have
received mint state grades from MS60 to MS64. This number has remained relatively steady since
the first release of our book in 2018. As with most dates the population reports surely include
many re-submissions. We particularly believe that the MS64 population is significantly less than
the 94 coins currently shown in the population reports. Population statistics are as of
February, 2023.
|
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Mintage | 1,074,760 |
Proof mintage | 960 |
Mintage ranking | 46th |
Finest known | MS66 PR67 Deep Cameo |
Known obverse dies | 14 |
Known reverse dies | 7 |
Known die marriages | 17 |
Most common die marriage | OC-1/ R2 |
Rarest business strike die marriage | OC-3/ R6- OC-4/ R5+ OC-14/ R5+ |
Rarest proof die marriage | OC-P2/ R5 |
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In the lower grades, the population reports show that nearly 15% of the business strikes graded are less than
VF20. This is a huge jump from other dates, and a jump since our first edition was released in 2018. In
fact, this is the most available date in the series in low grades, by a wide margin. Only the 1872 comes
close. As usual the greatest availability is in the XF40-AU58 range. In general, all grades of 1871 short
of the gem designation are readily available and will bring prices consistent with what most price guides
would indicate. As this is written the most reliable price guide for determining what the collector might
pay for a nice problem-free example is the PCGS price guide.
In proof, the finest known examples are six PR67 coins, two graded by PCGS, four by NGC. One of the PCGS
coins was given a deep cameo designation. Two of the NGC coins were rated as ultra cameo. PCGS has graded
eleven coins at the PR66 level. Two of those are rated PR66+, one of which received a deep cameo
designation. NGC has graded 15 as PR66, with five of them receiving a cameo or ultra cameo designation. Nearly
50 coins have received a PR65 grade. Over 550 have been graded at all levels of proof. Proof population
statistics are as of February, 2023.
1871 examples often display slight softness on the star centrals, less often on the upper left-wing feathers
and the eagle’s neck feathers. The obverse strikes seem to improve as the emission sequence progresses. An
exception is the OC-5 die marriage, which usually exhibits LIBERTY and shield details that are weaker than
expected for the grade. Well struck examples can be found, and usually turn out to be one of the later
issues. High-grade business strikes are sometimes prooflike or semi-prooflike, but more often frosty. With
a mintage of over one million the dies wore sufficiently to eliminate prooflike surfaces for most. But
examples are available for those who love prooflike surfaces. We’ve seen several business strikes
erroneously identified as proofs by the grading services. Conversely, we’ve seen quite a few proofs in
business strike holders. However, most of these have been impaired or lightly circulated examples.
1871 Die Marriages
17 die marriages have been positively identified, the most for any date in the series. This includes one
re-marriage that was identified during our research for this 2nd Edition. 12 obverse dies were paired with
5 reverses to strike all business strikes. Several of the business strike die marriages are quite rare. We’ve
rated four different die marriages as R5-, R5, R5+ or R6-. No business strike dies were used for
proofs, although we’ve seen several examples of business strike die marriages in proof holders, including
one example of the OC-1 die marriage in our reference collection in a PCGS PR62 holder. Two different proof
die marriages were issued, with two obverse dies sharing a common reverse. The second proof die marriage is
very scarce. We’ve rated it as R5-. We wouldn’t be surprised if one or two additional marriages are
identified, although our research for this 2nd Edition, which included nearly 500 new coins, revealed none.
Click the links below to view the details of each die marriage.
1871 Business Strike Emission Sequence
With four of the five known reverse dies used multiple times and exhibiting progressive cracks and/or d
polishing during their periods of use, determining the emission sequence was relatively easy. However, there
were two breaks in the sequence, where no dies were shared with previous marriages. These required arbitrary
placement of the two sequences. OC-14 is another minor issue. This die marriage shares an obverse die with
OC-12. Our reference example exhibits no notable differences in the die wear, but it’s the only example that
we’ve personally examined. Its placement in the emission sequence is our best guess. Our current estimate of
the emission sequence is shown below.
Emission Order |
Die Marriage |
Comments |
1 | OC-1 | Earliest die state of Reverse A. |
2 | OC-2 | Reverse A die state b. |
3 | OC-3 | Reverse A die state b. |
4 | OC-4 | Reverse A die state c. |
5 | OC-5 | Obverse 5 die polishing indicates the OC-5 precedes OC-6. Latest die state of Reverse A. |
6 | OC-6 | Obverse 5 die polishing indicates the OC-6 follows OC-5. Earliest die state of Reverse B (reverse die states a, b, and c). |
7 | OC-7 | Reverse B die polishing indicates the OC-7 follows OC-6 (reverse die states c and d). |
8 | OC-6a | Reverse B die polishing indicates the OC-6a follows OC-7 (reverse die state d). |
9 | OC-8 | Reverse B die polishing indicates the OC-8 follows OC-6a (reverse die state d). |
10 | OC-9 | Placement of OC-9 is arbitrary since no dies were shared.
It's existence with Reverse C die state a indicates that it came before OC-10. We chose to put it after OC-8. |
11 | OC-10 | Reverse C die state b. |
12 | OC-11 | Reverse C die state b. Die cracks are very slightly advanced from OC-10. |
13 | OC-14 | Placement of OC-12 is arbitrary since no dies were shared. We chose to put it after OC-11.
OC-14 shares Obverse 11 with OC-12. We haven't examined enough examples to determine conclusively whether it's #12 or #13 in the emission sequence.
This is our best guess. |
14 | OC-12 | Earliest die state of Reverse D. |
15 | OC-13 | Reverse D die state b. |
1871 Proof Emission Sequence
The emission order of OC-P1 and OC-P2 is a judgement call. The change in die wear between the two issues is virtually undetectable.
Emission Order |
Die Marriage |
Comments |
1 | OC-P1 | |
2 | OC-P2 | The extent of Reverse PA die polishing indicates that OC-P2 was issued after OC-P1.
However, the differences are nearly undetectable, so the sequence is really a judgement call |
1871 Quick Finder Chart
With 16 different die marriages, the most for any year in the series, attribution can be difficult.
Fortunately, only 5 reverse dies were used. All except Reverse E have notable markers. For quick
attribution, identify the reverse die first, then determine the obverse die from the identified
options based on date placement and other notable features. The following table shows the best
markers to look for to facilitate quick attribution.
Die Marriage |
Obv Die |
Rev Die |
Right Base of 1 |
1st 1 Vertical |
Keys |
OC-1 | 1 | A | LE | C |
Obverse:   Two small lumps in gown just right of Y in LIBERTY.
Reverse:   Curved die line on the scroll between TR, off the right base of the T. A small die lump off the lower edge of the D in GOD.
| OC-2 | 2 | A | JR of C | H |
Obverse:   Date is high, RB of 1 is JR of C.
Reverse:   Curved die line on the scroll between TR, off the right base of the T. A small die lump off the lower edge of the D in GOD.
| OC-3 | 3 | A | L QTR | SL |
Obverse:   Date is slightly low, slants VS down.
Reverse:   Curved die line on the scroll between TR, off the right base of the T. A small die lump off the lower edge of the D in GOD.
| OC-4 | 4 | A | JL of RE | H |
Obverse:   Farthest right of any 1871 date, grid = 6-3.0.
Reverse:   Curved die line on the scroll between TR, off the right base of the T. A small die lump off the lower edge of the D in GOD.
| OC-5 | 5 | A | JL of RE | VSH |
Obverse:   Minor repunching on the date. Die line in the gown above the upper left edge of the shield.
Reverse:   Curved die line on the scroll between TR, off the right base of the T. A small die lump off the lower edge of the D in GOD.
| OC-6 | 5 | B | JL of RE | VSH |
Obverse:   Minor repunching on the date. Die line in the gown above the upper left edge of the shield.
Reverse:   Die lines – slanting up to the left from the the top of the eagle’s beak into the upper part of the D in GOD; another slanting
up to the left on the end of the scroll under the last T in TRUST. The first die line is very strong on OC-6, weak on OC-6a.
| OC-6a | 5 | B | JL of RE | VSH |
Obverse:   Minor repunching on the date. Die line in the gown above the upper left edge of the shield.
Reverse:   Die lines – slanting up to the left from the the top of the eagle’s beak into the upper part of the D in GOD; another
slanting up to the left on the end of the scroll under the last T in TRUST. The first die line is weak on OC-6a, very strong on OC-6.
| OC-7 | 6 | B | JL of C | C |
Obverse:   Large but shallow lump in the gown right of bottom of Y in LIBERTY. Another more defined lump between the legs left of the pole base.
Reverse:   Die lines - slanting up to the left from the scroll border into the upper part of the D in GOD;
another slanting up to the left on the end of the scroll under the last T in TRUST.
| OC-8 | 7 | B | B | H |
Obverse:   Doubled die, most visible on the left side of the horizontal shield lines.
Reverse:   Die lines - slanting up to the left from the scroll border into the upper part of the D in GOD;
another slanting up to the left on the end of the scroll under the last T in TRUST.
| OC-9 | 8 | C | JR of C | VH |
Obverse:   Circular die line at the intersection of Miss Liberty's right leg with her body.
Reverse:   A die line joins the middle of WE.
| OC-10 | 9 | C | B | C |
Obverse:   Centered date, RB of 1 is B.
Reverse:   A die line joins the middle of WE.
| OC-11 | 10 | C | B | H |
Obverse:   High date, RB of 1 is B.
Reverse:   A die line joins the middle of WE.
| OC-12 | 11 | D | JR of C | C |
Obverse:   MPD - 187 in denticles.
Reverse:   A strong lump just right of the lower edge of the upper serif of the G in GOD.
| OC-13 | 12 | D | JL of RE | VSL |
Obverse:   Diagonal die lines extending from the lower right edge of the shield into the gown, below the Y in LIBERTY.
Reverse:   A strong lump just right of the lower edge of the upper serif of the G in GOD.
| OC-14 | 11 | E | JR of C | C |
Obverse:   MPD - 187 in denticles.
Reverse:   NO lump right of serif of G in GOD.
| OC-P1 | P1 | PA | L QTR | VSL |
Obverse:   Two tiny lumps in the lower part of shield recess #4. Date grid = 4-4.0.
Reverse:   A circular die line in the motto at the top of the scroll right of WE.
| OC-P2 | P2 | PA | JL of C | C |
Obverse:   First 1 is vertically centered, RB of 1 is JL of C. Date grid = 5-4.0.
Reverse:   A circular die line in the motto at the top of the scroll right of WE.
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Photo credits:
Obverse and reverse full photos:   1871 PCGS MS65 CAC, from the Heritage archives.
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